Charles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution - 1577 Words

No man has been as influential in the history of evolutionary science as Charles Darwin, a prominent British naturalist, geologist and botanist who came to solidify himself in these fields of studies in the nineteenth century. In 1831, Darwin embarked on a British government-sponsored voyage on the HMS Beagle to the coast of South America and several remote islands in the Pacific, where he closely observed the landforms and natural species that were native to these parts of the world, which he had never encountered before. Upon confronting these previously unidentified species, he made numerous observations, took copious notes in his journals and collected meticulous samples on these islands. The voyage lasted for five years, and upon†¦show more content†¦Darwin’s exploration to the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific was truly transformative in what he was able to encounter on these isolated and remote islands that allowed these indigenous species to develop in their r eclusiveness. Having the seclusion of natural developments of these species, Darwin was able to make the connections in which he does based upon the native animals in their isolated environments. During his expedition to the Galapagos, Darwin encountered a variety of plants and animals, which he noticed differed in appearance on each separate island. The unique shape and patterns on the shell of giant tortoises varied based on their location and distinguished them from one another. Darwin also paid meticulous attention to the abundant diversity of the bird species on these islands, including four different species of mockingbirds and thirteen types of finches. Similar to the tortoise, the finches had each developed uniquely on each island to the extent where they didn’t appear to be related; the birds were visibly distinct from one another (See Appendix I). As observed and recorded in his bound works, Darwin states that the â€Å"most curious fact is the perfect gradation in the size of the beaks in the different species of Geospiza, from one as large as that of a hawfinch to that of a chaffinch, and even to that of a warbler.† Certain birds

The Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment - 1198 Words

The ecosystem provides its own bio-indicator called a lichen. Lichens consist of two organisms, a fungi and a cyanobacteria (algae) which grow symbiotically. Lichens while they grow symbiotically their relationship of interaction can be described as mutualism. Three basic types of lichens include foliose, crustose, and fruticose. Lichens are durable and can grow in harsh environments where there is little or no soil. Lichens can tolerate severe temperatures both hot and cold. Despite their durability lichen are not impervious, many are sensitive to air pollution because they are dependent on moisture from rain for growth. Smog is a common air pollution which is the result of the burning fuels like coal and gasoline which releases sulfur†¦show more content†¦Then using a tape measure I wrapped it around the tree taping it to measure the circumference of the tree and documented my results. While the tape measure was still on the tree I then recorded the number of inches that a re covered in lichen. After measuring I record the measures of each lichen after identifying which form of lichen they were. After surveying the tree, I then selected four more trees avoiding pine trees or trees less than 18 inches around and repeated the process documenting the results. Once I documented results I added up the total circumference of all the trees surveyed in the location are documented my results. Then added the total inches covered in lichen for the study area with 0-1000 AADT low traffic. To calculate the overall percent lichen coverage for the low traffic location, I multiplied the total number of inches covered in lichen by 100 and then I divided it by the total number of inches for tree circumference. After calculating the equation, I recorded the results. I then calculated the percent coverage of each lichen type (foliose, crustose, and fruticose) for the low traffic location. For each lichen type I made an equation in which I multiplied the total number of i nches covered by the lichen type by 100 and then I divided it by the total number of inches of the tree circumference to find the percent coverage of each lichenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental pollution will cause direct damage to the ecosystem and impact, such as desertification, forest destruction, water eutrophication, will also give ecological systems and human society caused by indirect harm, and sometimes this indirect environmental effects than the harm caused Of the direct harm is greater, more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and ozone depletion are the environmental effects of air pollution. This environmental effect derived fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment749 Words   |  3 Pagesindustry that requires urgent attention is environmental pollution. Increased economic activity produces an increasing amount of waste that producers mu st dispose of. Of particular interest to policymakers are air pollutants, which are easily disposed of through pipes and vents by producers at a minimal cost. Air pollution has been shown to increase respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and increased cancer rates. Additionally, air pollution has substantially increased the amount of greenhouseRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesBackground and Analysis Air pollution is the infiltration of chemicals or toxic molecules into the atmosphere. In the global context many countries including China, the United States, Mexico, and others are haunted by pollution in the air. However each has a certain degree of air pollution different from the other. Air pollution kills animals and plants by intoxicating our bodies with harmful bacteria and chemicals. Unless our bodies become immune or we learn to clear the pollution earth s ecosystemRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution can result from both human and natural actions. Natural events that pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural occurrences is not very often. Human action include but not limited to industrial pollution, bush burning, biomass and many others. â€Å"Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agentRead MoreAir Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1210 Words   |  5 PagesAir pollution has become a huge dilemma in our environment. Pollution is caused by the toxic release of chemicals and pollutants; releasing pollutants into the atmosphere harm the planet and pose a threat to human lives. Some of these pollutants include Carbon Monoxide, lead, acid gases, and Nitrogen oxides. Most of these pollutants are caused by industrial factories and vehicle exhaust. Air pollution is a global battle and preventing it will only help decrease the existing damage. In China, airRead MoreAir Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1613 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious exhaust gases today, a level of air pollution has significantly increased in the environment. The smog enveloping the city is the most visible and obvious sign of urban pollution. However, even invisi ble harmful particles can have a big impact on the quality of airspace. In general, any substance released into the environment and having an adverse effect, is an air pollution. Hazardous substances present in the air, not only affect the environment but to a greater extent on the person whoRead MoreAir Pollution And Its Effect On The Environment814 Words   |  4 PagesAir is vital to our planet, life is simply impossible without it. Air pollution â€Å"refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty.† (Jacobson, 2017) Air pollution has introduced countless negative effects toRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment1261 Words   |  6 Pagescovered by plastic, and peo ple have already used most of our sources from 29% of the earth. Air pollution is also really bad right now especially in developing countries. They burn coal so much that the carbon dioxide amount in the air is too high. On the other hand, companies do not pay attention at all on the cleaning environment where people work; therefore, it causes a lot of people ill due to the dirty environment. People waste so many product and materials that they could recycle and use again, howeverRead MoreThe Effects Of Indoor Air Pollution On The Environment996 Words   |  4 PagesHumans, animals, and plants need air to survive, but how can they survive if the air that they breathe is polluted? Every cell in your body needs oxygen in order to live. The air that everyone breathes contains oxygen and other gases. Hazardous chemicals escape into the environment to pollute the air from numerous human activities. The ever growing combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the biggest progressive change in the atmosphere. Despite the other numerous environmentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment2797 Words   |  12 PagesThe typical public, particularly sick people with upper or inferior respiratory symptoms know that severe respiratory impacts can take place due to air pollution based on the information from the media. It is vital for the relevant specialists to possess present information of the probable health impacts as well as the manner in which they might influence their clients in order to instruct them adequately. In particular, the specialists in the field should meticulously know that both gaseous as well

Understanding the Accounting Cycle Free Essays

To understand accounting information and usage accounting information is of import for any concern. â€Å" Information that is provided to external parties who have an involvement in a company is sometimes referred to as fiscal accounting information, † harmonizing to Williams, Haka, Bettner, and Carcello ( 2006, p. 4 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Accounting Cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chief ground in supplying accounting and fiscal information is the usage of said information in decision-making intents. Many groups, including company direction, authorities regulative bureaus, creditors, and providers, use fiscal information in assorted ways to find a company ‘s fiscal wellness and ability to run into duties as such duties become current. Companies and their forces must understand the assorted stairss in the accounting rhythm and how such stairss provide dependable information to the users of fiscal information. What is the Accounting Cycle? The accounting rhythm is the â€Å" sequence of accounting processs used to enter, sort, and sum up accounting information in fiscal studies at regular intervals † ( p. 94 ) . The concluding readying of formal fiscal statements is ever started with the recording of concern minutess and this rhythm repeats so the concern can fix new, current, fiscal statements in response to concern minutess conducted by the house. The accounting rhythm is composed of eight stairss and includes journalizing minutess, posting journal entries to ledger histories, fixing a test balance, doing end-of-the-period accommodations, fixing an adjusted test balance, fixing fiscal statements, journalizing and posting shutting entries, and fixing an after-closing test balance. Remember debits increase assets while credits increase proprietor equity during the recording and accommodation stages of the accounting rhythm. An history â€Å" has merely three elements: ( 1 ) a rubric ; ( 2 ) a left side, which is called the debit side ; and ( 3 ) a right side, which is called the recognition side † ( p. 95 ) ; such accountings are called T histories because, on paper, the recording of such histories resembles the missive â€Å" T. † A sample T history is below: The history balance is determined in the difference between the debit and recognition sides of the history. If the debit entire is more than the recognition sum, the history is said to hold a debit balance. If the recognition sum is more, so the history is said to hold a recognition balance. In plus histories, the debit entering increases the sum in the plus history and a recognition decreases the sum in the history. Under liability and proprietors ‘ equity histories, the debit decreases the sum in the history, while a recognition increases the sum in the history. This aligns with the equation and is known as the system of double-entry history. Journalizing Minutess The first measure involves puting the concern minutess into a diary, which records the concern minutess chronologically ( daily ) . The sums entered in this subdivision are transferred to the debit and recognition subdivisions of the histories in the leger. A individual puting in the house pays $ 80,000 in hard currency in exchange for stock in the house. The two histories affected by this dealing are the Cash and Capital Stock. The first measure in journalizing this entry is come ining the name of the history debited ( Cash ) , which is written foremost, along with its dollar sum entered in the left-hand money column. The name of the history credited ( Capital Stock ) appears below Cash and is indented to the right, with the dollar sum looking in the right-hand money column. A description of the dealing appears below the diary entry. Below is a sample journal entry: Posting to Ledger Histories â€Å" Posting simple agencies updating the leger histories for the effects of the minutess recorded in the diary † ( p. 98 ) . If the individual reads the diary entry aloud, this means the old diary entries are read as â€Å" Debit Cash $ 80,000 ; recognition Capital Stock, $ 80,000. † This procedure is continued until all journal entries are record in the leger. Once all of the leger entries are calculated, the following measure is the readying of the test balance. Trial Balance The test balance is prepared to guarantee debits and credits equal one another. All of the leger histories are listed, â€Å" with debits in the left column and credits in the right column † ( Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, 2007 ) . The debit column is added foremost, so the recognition column. If the sums do non hold, the issue could be a debit was recorded alternatively of a recognition, errors in arithmetic, and clerical mistakes in copying history balances into the test balance. Both columns should be equal ; nevertheless, this does non intend that a dealing was recorded in the incorrect history. Making End-of-period Adjustments Adjustments after the test balance is created to enter accrued, deferred, and estimated sums and posting the adjusted entries to the leger histories. Once the entries are entered in the leger, the accountant prepares the adjusted test balance, which contains similar stairss to the unadjusted test balance ; nevertheless, the adjusted test balance contains the seting entries. Accrued points would include wages, involvement income, and unbilled gross ; deferred points would include postpaid insurance, office supplies, and depreciation. Fixing Fiscal Statements â€Å" Publicly owned companies-those with portions listed on a stock exchange-have duties to let go of one-year and quarterly information to their shareholders and to the populace † ( Williams, Haka, Bettner, and Carcello, 2006, p. 192 ) . The fiscal statements include the income statement, the statement of maintained net incomes, the balance sheet, and the statement of hard currency flows ( besides known as the hard currency flow statement ) . The income statement is prepared foremost because it determines the sum of net income in the statement of maintained net incomes. The statement of maintained net incomes is prepared following to supply information for the balance sheet. The balance sheet is prepared from the assets, liabilities, and equity histories of the house. Finally, the hard currency flow statement is prepared utilizing informations from the other fiscal statements. Fixing Closing Entries to Diaries and Ledger Histories Closing journal entries closes impermanent histories such as grosss and moves these histories to a impermanent income sum-up history. The balance is so transferred to the maintained net incomes history, which is a capital history ; similarly, dividend or backdown histories are closed to capital. Shutting entries are so posted to the leger histories. After these undertakings the after-closing trail balance is created to guarantee debits equal credits. Error-checking and rectification is made to this test balance. The Importance of the Accounting Cycle Re-visited All concerns prepare fiscal statements, so it is of import all comptrollers understand the accounting rhythm to guarantee the proper entry of informations and believable fiscal information out put. Eight stairss comprise the accounting rhythm, from the journalizing of concern minutess to fixing after-closing test balances. Without the accounting rhythm, the information provided in fiscal statements would non be dependable and decision-making procedures would be hard to execute by users of fiscal information. How to cite Understanding the Accounting Cycle, Essay examples